See the pathway. Verify the constraint. Direct the next move.

USGS 2025 · 60 critical minerals

Materials-to-Mission Atlas

Explore critical minerals, their application connections, and reviewed pathways where public evidence is available.

Start with one material. Follow the pathway. See how far the evidence carries. Identify what must be proven next.

How this map works

Official field. Every mineral node is on the final USGS 2025 Critical Minerals List.

Position. DOE application rows influence location. Position is connection, not ranking.

Review depth. Evidence review is separate from official designation and application use.

Material systems. Related material systems remain a separate layer rather than being relabeled as official critical minerals.

Rare-earth convention. The Atlas 15-count follows the controlled USGS commodity grouping used here; scandium remains separately listed.

Evidence boundary. Supported facts stay supported. Unknowns stay visible.

Public method. M0 identifies the experimental public evidence method used here. It does not indicate readiness, qualification, certification, or acquisition approval.

60 materials Filter by application, then open a material to inspect its pathway. Position shows application connection, not ranking.
Electronics, Optics & Timing
Magnets & Motion
Energy & Storage
Aerospace & Defense
Catalysts
Steel & Structural Materials
AlSbAsBaSO₄BeBiBCeCsCrCoCuDyErEuCaF₂GdGaGeCHfHoInIrLaPbLiLuMgMnCoalNdNiNbPdPhosPtKPrReRhRbRuSmScSiAgTaTeTbTmSnTiWUVYbYZnZr

LIST VIEW

Mineral List

Scan and open the complete official field.

60 materials
AlAluminumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Magnets & Motion, Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

SbAntimonyUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

AsArsenicUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

BaSO₄BariteUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: No DOE application row mapped in this controlled snapshot.

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025

BeBerylliumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

BiBismuthUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: No DOE application row mapped in this controlled snapshot.

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025

BBoronUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Energy & Storage, Steel & Structure

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

CeCeriumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Catalysts

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

CsCesiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

CrChromiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Steel & Structure

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

CoCobaltUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

CuCopperUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Magnets & Motion, Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

DyDysprosiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Magnets & Motion

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

ErErbiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

EuEuropiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

CaF₂FluorsparUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Steel & Structure

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

GdGadoliniumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Magnets & Motion, Steel & Structure

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

GaGalliumUSGS 2025Reviewed Pathway

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Magnets & Motion, Energy & Storage

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS, DOE-TRACE-GA-2026, GA-001

GeGermaniumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

CGraphiteUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

HfHafniumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

HoHolmiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Magnets & Motion, Energy & Storage

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

InIndiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Energy & Storage

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

IrIridiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Catalysts

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

LaLanthanumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage, Catalysts

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

PbLeadUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

LiLithiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

LuLutetiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

MgMagnesiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

MnManganeseUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage, Steel & Structure

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

CoalMetallurgical CoalUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Steel & Structure

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

NdNeodymiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Magnets & Motion

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

NiNickelUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense, Steel & Structure

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

NbNiobiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Steel & Structure

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

PdPalladiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Catalysts

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

PhosPhosphateUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

PtPlatinumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

KPotashUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: No DOE application row mapped in this controlled snapshot.

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025

PrPraseodymiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Magnets & Motion, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

ReRheniumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Aerospace & Defense, Catalysts

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

RhRhodiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Catalysts

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

RbRubidiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

RuRutheniumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Catalysts

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

SmSamariumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Magnets & Motion, Energy & Storage

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

ScScandiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

SiSiliconUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Energy & Storage, Steel & Structure

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

AgSilverUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Energy & Storage

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

TaTantalumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS, DFARS-252.225-7052

TeTelluriumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

TbTerbiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Magnets & Motion

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

TmThuliumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

SnTinUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

TiTitaniumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

WTungstenUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS, DFARS-252.225-7052

UUraniumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

VVanadiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage, Steel & Structure

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

YbYtterbiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Catalysts

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

YYttriumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Electronics & Optics, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

ZnZincUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

ZrZirconiumUSGS 2025USGS 2025 Listed

Where it is used: Energy & Storage, Aerospace & Defense

Source IDs: USGS-CM-2025, DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

PATHWAY PREVIEWS

See how far the evidence carries.

Two reviewed public examples. Reviewed does not mean qualified.

CRITICAL MINERAL · REVIEWED PATHWAY

Gallium

GA-001 — Experimental public evidence method
Evidence supported through
Gallium (Ga)
Evidence Horizon · First unresolved link
Qualified domestic primary recovery at mission-relevant scale

Public evidence is continuous through Gallium; qualified domestic primary recovery remains unresolved.

View Gallium pathway
ENGINEERED MATERIAL SYSTEM · REVIEWED CONTEXT

Yttrium Iron Garnet

YIG-001 — Experimental public evidence method
Evidence supported through
Critical Materials
Evidence Horizon · First unresolved link
Qualified Material Stack

Public evidence is continuous through critical materials; a qualified material stack remains unresolved.

View YIG pathway

BROWSE

Browse All Minerals

The full official field remains available in the precision Index above.

Open precision Index →

PATHWAY

Gallium Pathway

The bridge remains continuous only as far as the reviewed evidence carries it.

Evidence Horizon
Follow the pathway →

EVIDENCE

Evidence & Sources

Official designation, application mapping, policy context, and reviewed evidence stay separated.

View evidence & sources →

MATERIAL SYSTEMS

Connected Material Systems

YIG, GGG, GaN, NdFeB, SiC and other real material systems connect the mineral field to devices and missions.

Explore connected material systems →

PATHWAY INTRODUCTION

Gallium

The official field is broad. Reviewed pathway evidence remains intentionally narrow.

Critical Mineral · Reviewed Pathway

Official designationUSGS 2025 Critical Mineral
Evidence reviewReviewed Pathway · GA-001
Decision authorityHuman
Explore the Pathway Overview

PATHWAY AT A GLANCE

Pathway Overview

The first unresolved link marks the evidence boundary. Later-stage context remains separate.

  1. Supported evidence
    • Gallium (Ga)
  2. First unresolved link
    • Qualified domestic primary recovery at mission-relevant scale
  3. Later-stage context
    • Observed U.S. use forms · GaAs / GaN / GaP wafers
    • Fabrication path for a specific program
    • Integrated circuits and optoelectronic devices
    • Use-specific validation evidence
    • Qualified material/component path
    • Program acquisition access
    • Semiconductor-sector use context
    • Specific mission dependency and availability
Trace to Mission

PATHWAY

Trace to Mission

The continuous bridge stops where the reviewed evidence stops.

  1. 01
    Supported evidenceGallium (Ga)

    material

  2. 02
    First unresolved linkQualified domestic primary recovery at mission-relevant scale

    processing

  3. 03
    Later-stage contextObserved U.S. use forms · GaAs / GaN / GaP wafers

    required form

  4. 04
    Unresolved questionFabrication path for a specific program

    fabrication

  5. 05
    Later-stage contextIntegrated circuits and optoelectronic devices

    component

  6. 06
    Unresolved questionUse-specific validation evidence

    validation

  7. 07
    Unresolved questionQualified material/component path

    qualification

  8. 08
    Unresolved questionProgram acquisition access

    acquisition access

  9. 09
    Later-stage contextSemiconductor-sector use context

    system

  10. 10
    Unresolved questionSpecific mission dependency and availability

    mission

PATHWAY STEP

Evidence Boundary

Supported facts stay supported. Unknowns stay visible.

What We Know

Supported evidence
  • The public evidence supports a material supply-dependence concern and active federal effort to restart or expand domestic gallium recovery.

What We Don't Know

Unknown
  • The reviewed public evidence does not establish qualified domestic production capacity, program-specific acquisition access, or mission-ready availability.
Evidence HorizonFirst unresolved link

Qualified domestic primary recovery at mission-relevant scaleDownstream facts may remain independently supported, but they do not reconnect the pathway across this unresolved link.

DERIVED FROM REVIEWED PUBLIC EVIDENCE

What evidence establishes

Existing governed evidence is organized here without a score, rank, or automated decision.

Pathway identity
Gallium (Ga)CRITICAL MINERAL · REVIEWED PATHWAY · GA-001 v1.0.0 · M0
Evidence supported through
Gallium (Ga)Continuous public evidence before the first unresolved link.
Evidence Horizon · First unresolved link
Qualified domestic primary recovery at mission-relevant scaleLater context does not reconnect the pathway.
Evidence status
Supported and unknown remain separate.Inspect the governed stages, claims, and sources below.

Selected support summaries · complete seven-claim register below.

GA-C01 · Gallium is on the final 2025 U.S. List of Critical Minerals and is used in semiconductors.Supported
Source labelUSGS final 2025 List of Critical Minerals
Source date2025-11-14
GA-001 snapshot validation profilem0-strict-0.2.0
Claim source IDsUSGS-CRITICAL-2025 →
GA-C02 · USGS reports no U.S. low-purity unrefined gallium production and import dependence for demand.Supported
Source labelUSGS Gallium Statistics and Information
Source dateUndated
GA-001 snapshot validation profilem0-strict-0.2.0
Claim source IDsUSGS-GA-STATS →
GA-C05 · DOE stated in April 2026 that the United States was 100% net import reliant on gallium.Supported
Source labelDOE TRACE-Ga selections
Source date2026-04-14
GA-001 snapshot validation profilem0-strict-0.2.0
Claim source IDsDOE-TRACE-GA-2026 →
GA-C07 · TRACE-Ga defined continuous-campaign and scale-up prototype objectives for domestic recovery.Supported
Source labelDOE TRACE-Ga funding announcement
Source date2025-09-15
GA-001 snapshot validation profilem0-strict-0.2.0
Claim source IDsDOE-TRACE-GA-2025 →
Reviewed Gallium claim register7 source-linked claims · GA-001
  1. GA-C01

    Gallium is included on the final 2025 U.S. List of Critical Minerals, where USGS identifies semiconductor use.

    Supported · USGS-CRITICAL-2025 →
  2. GA-C02

    USGS reports that low-purity unrefined gallium is not produced in the United States and that U.S. demand is met by imports from multiple countries.

    Supported · USGS-GA-STATS →
  3. GA-C03

    USGS reports that about 79% of gallium consumed in the United States is in GaAs, GaN, and GaP wafers.

    Supported · USGS-GA-STATS →
  4. GA-C04

    USGS reports analog and digital integrated circuits as the largest identified share of U.S. gallium consumption, with optoelectronic devices accounting for most of the remainder.

    Supported · USGS-GA-STATS →
  5. GA-C05

    DOE stated on April 14, 2026 that the United States was 100% net import reliant on gallium and had not domestically produced the critical mineral since 1987.

    Supported · DOE-TRACE-GA-2026 →
  6. GA-C06

    DOE announced approximately $5.4 million for five TRACE-Ga projects intended to advance domestic gallium recovery from U.S. metal-processing feedstocks.

    Supported · DOE-TRACE-GA-2026 →
  7. GA-C07

    DOE described TRACE-Ga prototype objectives that include producing at least 50 kilograms of pure gallium during at least one 14-day continuous campaign and demonstrating a pathway toward at least one metric ton per year scale.

    Supported · DOE-TRACE-GA-2025 →

PATHWAY STEP

Next Proof

What would need to be established next?

01

Monitor

Keep the evidence state visible and reassess when material conditions change.

Evidence-supported option · human decision required
02

Validate

Target the first unresolved link with a defined proof request before advancing the pathway.

Evidence-supported option · human decision required
03

Support Next Proof

Direct bounded support toward evidence or capability that closes a named pathway gap without implying qualification.

Evidence-supported option · human decision required

PATHWAY INTRODUCTION

Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG)

Engineered Material System · Reviewed Context

MATERIAL IDENTITY

Y₃Fe₅O₁₂

Engineered magnetic material system. Reviewed public context.

What it is
YIG is an engineered magnetic material used in magnonics and related microwave and spin research.
Why it matters
YIG shows why an engineered material system cannot be understood from critical-mineral designation alone. Substrate choice, material growth, fabrication, and validation remain distinct parts of the pathway.
Explore the Pathway Overview

PATHWAY AT A GLANCE

Pathway Overview

The first unresolved link marks the evidence boundary. Later-stage context remains separate.

  1. Supported evidence
    • Critical Materials
  2. First unresolved link
    • Qualified Material Stack
  3. Later-stage context
    • Thin-Film / Crystal Growth
    • Device Fabrication
    • Room-Temperature Research
    • Testing & Validation
    • Acquisition & Transition
    • Deployment & Sustainment
Trace to Mission

TRACE

Trace to Mission

Existing governed relationships show where the public pathway is supported and where continuity stops.

Critical-Mineral Dependencies Across Common YIG Stacks

Yttrium is the YIG critical-mineral constituent. Gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) and yttrium scandium gallium aluminum garnet (YSGAG) introduce additional critical-mineral dependencies in common or emerging substrate systems.

YttriumYIG constituentGadoliniumGGG substrate constituentGalliumGGG/YSGAG substrate constituentScandiumYSGAG alternative-substrate constituentAluminumYSGAG alternative-substrate constituent
  1. 01
    Supported evidenceCritical Materials

    Yttrium is the critical-mineral anchor for YIG. Common YIG substrate systems introduce additional critical-mineral dependencies through GGG or YSGAG.

  2. 02
    First unresolved linkQualified Material Stack

    Public evidence reviewed here does not establish qualified precursor form, purity, processor, substrate lot, repeatability, or assured supply for a mission-relevant YIG stack.

    Evidence basis: No qualifying public evidence was identified in the reviewed corpus for a BN7-specific precursor form, purity, processor, substrate lot, repeatability, or assured mission-relevant YIG material stack.

  3. 03
    Later-stage contextThin-Film / Crystal Growth

    Peer-reviewed work demonstrates low-damping YIG thin films, including liquid-phase epitaxy and high-quality YIG on garnet substrates.

  4. 04
    Later-stage contextDevice Fabrication

    Peer-reviewed device work demonstrates YIG-on-GGG resonators and microfabrication approaches; this establishes feasibility context, not a qualified production line.

  5. 05
    Later-stage contextRoom-Temperature Research

    A 2024 peer-reviewed experiment implemented quantum logic on a room-temperature hybrid magnon-spin system using a YIG film and NV centers. This is a research demonstration, not proof of scalable room-temperature quantum computing.

  6. 06
    Unresolved questionTesting & Validation

    Mission-relevant proof would require independent acceptable ranges for damping/linewidth, propagation loss, temperature and field behavior, substrate effects, repeatability, yield, interfaces, and device-level performance.

    Evidence basis: The reviewed literature identifies relevant material and substrate performance variables, but it does not provide a mission-specific acceptance range, independent qualification protocol, repeatability baseline, or production-yield criterion.

  7. 07
    Unresolved questionAcquisition & Transition

    No program-specific qualified supplier path, acquisition route, transition sponsor, demand commitment, or acceptance baseline is established by this public snapshot.

    Evidence basis: No program-specific public evidence was identified in the reviewed corpus for a qualified supplier path, acquisition route, transition sponsor, demand commitment, or acceptance baseline.

  8. 08
    Unresolved questionDeployment & Sustainment

    Specific mission availability, sustainment, security, reliability, and operational performance remain outside the public evidence reviewed here.

    Evidence basis: No mission-specific public evidence was identified in the reviewed corpus for availability, sustainment, security, reliability, or operational performance.

PATHWAY STEP

Evidence Boundary

Supported facts stay supported. Unknowns stay visible.

What We Know

Supported evidence

Public sources support the identified critical-mineral inputs. Peer-reviewed sources separately document technical relevance and multiple laboratory and device demonstrations.

What We Don't Know

Unknown

The reviewed public evidence does not establish the required precursor, purity, processor, substrate lot, and repeatability as one qualified material stack. It also does not establish mission-scale manufacturing, acquisition approval, or mission readiness.

Evidence HorizonFirst unresolved link

Qualified Material StackLater peer-reviewed demonstrations remain useful context, but they do not reconnect a continuous source-to-mission chain across the unresolved qualified material-stack and supply condition.

DERIVED FROM REVIEWED PUBLIC EVIDENCE

What evidence establishes

Existing governed evidence is organized here without a score, rank, or automated decision.

Pathway identity
Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) · Y3Fe5O12ENGINEERED MATERIAL SYSTEM · REVIEWED CONTEXT · YIG-001 v1.0.0 · M0
Evidence supported through
Critical MaterialsContinuous public evidence before the first unresolved link.
Evidence Horizon · First unresolved link
Qualified Material StackLater context does not reconnect the pathway.
Evidence status
Supported, supported context, and unknown remain separate.Inspect the governed stages, claims, and sources below.
Room-temperature magnon Josephson context

A 2021 peer-reviewed experiment reported Josephson oscillations in a room-temperature magnon Bose-Einstein condensate in a YIG film grown on GGG. This establishes relevant physical context, not validation of any specific proposed device architecture or scalable room-temperature quantum computer.

APS-YIG-MAGNON-JOSEPHSON-2021 ↗

PATHWAY STEP

Next Proof

What would need to be established next?

  1. Define the required YIG form, film thickness, substrate, interfaces, operating temperature, field, and device performance for one bounded use case.
  2. Verify precursor and substrate provenance, purity, processor identity, and lot-to-lot repeatability.
  3. Establish an independent FMR/spin-wave characterization protocol and acceptable manufacturing range.
  4. Demonstrate repeatable fabrication and device performance across multiple samples before any scale claim.
  5. Only then evaluate acquisition, integration, sustainment, and mission-specific acceptance.

DEEPER CONTEXT

Connected Material Systems

Only explicit governed relationships connect these systems to the selected pathway.

YIG
Primary example

Yttrium Iron Garnet

Low-damping ferrimagnetic garnet used in magnonics, spintronics, microwave devices, and hybrid magnon-spin research.

Reviewed Public ContextRelated critical minerals
GGG

Gadolinium Gallium Garnet

Common lattice-matched substrate for high-quality YIG films; low-temperature substrate magnetization may introduce additional damping.

Reviewed Public ContextRelated critical minerals
GaAs

Gallium Arsenide

Observed Gallium use form in the released public snapshot.

Public ContextRelated critical minerals
GaN

Gallium Nitride

Observed Gallium use form in the released public snapshot.

Public ContextRelated critical minerals
GaP

Gallium Phosphide

Observed Gallium use form in the released public snapshot.

Public ContextRelated critical minerals
NdFeB

Neodymium-Iron-Boron Magnet

Covered-magnet policy context under DFARS 252.225-7052.

Public ContextRelated critical minerals
SmCo

Samarium-Cobalt Magnet

Covered-magnet policy context under DFARS 252.225-7052.

Public ContextRelated critical minerals
SiC

Silicon Carbide

DOE engineered critical-material context.

Public ContextRelated critical minerals
C*

Synthetic Graphite

DOE non-elemental critical-material context.

Public ContextRelated critical minerals
YSGAG

Yttrium Scandium Gallium Aluminum Garnet

Emerging diamagnetic substrate demonstrated with YIG as an alternative to GGG for low-temperature quantum-magnonics research.

Frontier Public ContextRelated critical minerals

Evidence & Sources

Official designation, application mapping, policy context, and Bridge Node 7 review remain source-separated.

ATLAS BASIS

Materials Field Sources

USGS-CM-2025

2025 List of Critical Minerals

U.S. Geological Survey

2025-11-06 · verified 2026-08-11T01:31:00Z

official-field

Open controlled source ↗
DOE-CMM-APPLICATIONS

What Are Critical Minerals and Materials?

U.S. Department of Energy

Source publication date · verified 2026-08-11T01:31:00Z

application-mapping

Open controlled source ↗
DOE-TRACE-GA-2026

DOE Selects Five Organizations to Restart Domestic Primary Gallium Recovery

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation

2026-04-14 · verified 2026-08-11T01:31:00Z

gallium-public-context

Open controlled source ↗
DFARS-252.225-7052

DFARS 252.225-7052 Restriction on the Acquisition of Certain Magnets, Tantalum, and Tungsten

Acquisition.gov / U.S. Department of Defense

2026-05-07 · verified 2026-08-11T01:31:00Z

policy-context

Open controlled source ↗
GA-001

GA-001 v1.0.0 Reviewed Public-Source Evidence Snapshot

Bridge Node 7

2026-08-10 · verified 2026-08-11T01:31:00Z

reviewed-pathway

Open controlled source ↗
USGS-Y-2026

Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Yttrium

U.S. Geological Survey

2026 · verified 2026-08-11T02:55:00Z

yttrium-supply-context

Open controlled source ↗
APS-YIG-LPE-2020

Low damping and microstructural perfection of sub-40nm-thin yttrium iron garnet films grown by liquid phase epitaxy

American Physical Society

2020-02-27 · verified 2026-08-11T02:55:00Z

yig-thin-film-growth

Open controlled source ↗
APS-YIG-RT-HYBRID-2024

Room-temperature experimental implementation of quantum logic on a hybrid magnon-spin system

American Physical Society

2024-11-18 · verified 2026-08-11T02:55:00Z

room-temperature-yig-hybrid-research

Open controlled source ↗
NATURE-YIG-GGG-DEVICE-2025

High-performance magnetostatic wave resonators based on deep anisotropic etching of gadolinium gallium garnet substrates

Nature Electronics

2025-02-27 · verified 2026-08-11T02:55:00Z

yig-ggg-device-fabrication

Open controlled source ↗
NATURE-YIG-SUBSTRATE-2026

The ideal substrate for yttrium iron garnet films in quantum magnonics

Communications Materials

2026-03-30 · verified 2026-08-11T02:55:00Z

yig-substrate-temperature-context

Open controlled source ↗
APS-YIG-MAGNON-JOSEPHSON-2021

Experimental observation of Josephson oscillations in a room-temperature Bose-Einstein magnon condensate

American Physical Society

2021-10-14 · verified 2026-08-11T04:05:00Z

room-temperature-magnon-josephson-context

Open controlled source ↗

REVIEWED EVIDENCE

GA-001 Reviewed Sources

USGS-GA-STATS

Gallium Statistics and Information

U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center

Undated source page · accessed 2026-08-10

official government

Supports: GA-C02, GA-C03, GA-C04

View official source ↗
USGS-CRITICAL-2025

Interior Department releases final 2025 List of Critical Minerals

U.S. Geological Survey

2025-11-14 · accessed 2026-08-10

official government

Supports: GA-C01

View official source ↗
DOE-TRACE-GA-2026

DOE's Office of Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation Selects Five Organizations to Restart Domestic Primary Gallium Recovery

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation

2026-04-14 · accessed 2026-08-10

official government

Supports: GA-C05, GA-C06

View official source ↗
DOE-TRACE-GA-2025

U.S. Department of Energy Announces $6 Million to Enhance U.S. Supply Chain Security Through Domestic Gallium Production

U.S. Department of Energy

2025-09-15 · accessed 2026-08-10

official government

Supports: GA-C07

View official source ↗
Evidence-First. Mission-Aligned.Source identity and pathway logic stay visible beneath the experience.
  1. USGS 2025Official Field
  2. DOEApplication Mapping
  3. DFARSPolicy Context
  4. BN7Evidence Review
  5. VisibilityPublic Boundary
  6. Pathway LogicConnections
  7. Human AuthorityDecision Boundary

BRIDGE NODE 7

Beyond the Evidence Map

Explore how evidence, uncertainty, and human judgment shape strategic choices.